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Role of Calcium in the Body and its Absorption Physiology: Calcium is an essential mineral that plays a vital role in many physiological functions in the body. The primary function of calcium is to build and maintain strong bones and teeth. It also plays a critical role in the contraction of muscles, including the heart, and helps to regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, and the transmission of nerve impulses. Calcium is absorbed from the small intestine and is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones, including vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin. When calcium levels in the blood are low, the parathyroid gland releases PTH, which stimulates the release of calcium from bone and enhances the absorption of calcium from the intestines. In contrast, when calcium levels are high, the thyroid gland releases calcitonin, which inhibits bone resorption and promotes calcium deposition in the bones. Dietary Sources of Calcium to Prevent Osteoporosis Essay Assignment

The absorption of calcium from the intestines is influenced by several factors, including the presence of other nutrients, such as vitamin D, magnesium, and phosphorus, as well as the level of acidity in the stomach. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium absorption as it increases the expression of calcium-binding proteins in the intestines, which enhances the uptake of calcium from the diet. Dietary Sources of Calcium to Prevent Osteoporosis among Omanis: Osteoporosis is a condition that occurs when bones become weak and fragile, leading to an increased risk of fractures. Adequate intake of calcium is essential to prevent osteoporosis, particularly in populations at higher risk, such as older adults and postmenopausal women. In Oman, some dietary sources of calcium include dairy products, such as milk, cheese, and yogurt, as well as certain types of fish, such as sardines and salmon, and leafy green vegetables, such as kale, collard greens, and spinach. Fortified foods, such as cereals and juices, can also be good sources of calcium. To ensure adequate calcium intake, it is recommended that adult Omanis consume at least 1000-1200 mg of calcium per day, depending on age and gender. However, it is important to note that excessive calcium intake can lead to adverse health effects, such as kidney stones and cardiovascular disease, and should be avoided. Therefore, it is recommended to get calcium from a balanced diet rather than supplements unless otherwise advised by a healthcare professional

Osteoporosis is a medical condition characterized by a loss of bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased fragility and susceptibility to fractures. It is a common condition, particularly in postmenopausal women, and is often asymptomatic until a fracture occurs. Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance between bone resorption and formation, resulting in a net loss of bone mass over time.

There are several risk factors associated with the development of osteoporosis, including age, gender, genetics, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions. Some of the most significant risk factors include:

It is essential to identify and manage risk factors for osteoporosis early to prevent its development and reduce the risk of fractures. Lifestyle modifications, such as regular exercise, a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, can help to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to prevent bone loss and improve bone density in people at high risk of developing osteoporosis.  Dietary Sources of Calcium to Prevent Osteoporosis Essay Assignment